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Welcome to the eGyanKosh portal, your one-stop destination for accessing comprehensive study materials for IGNOU programs. In this section, we are excited to present Unit-12 of the study material, available for free download. Designed to support the learning journey of students enrolled in IGNOU courses for the 2025 academic session, this material aims to provide essential resources and insightful content to enhance your understanding of the subject. Whether you are preparing for exams or looking to reinforce your knowledge, our user-friendly platform makes it easy to access high-quality academic resources at your convenience. Dive in and explore the wealth of information available to help you succeed in your studies!