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Welcome to eGyanKosh, your comprehensive resource for higher education materials, where we strive to support students in their academic journey. In this section, we present the study material for M-21 Orthogonalization and Orthogonal Complements, specifically designed for IGNOU students pursuing their education in 2025. This invaluable resource is available for free download, allowing you to enhance your understanding of key concepts and theories associated with orthogonalization in linear algebra. Whether you are preparing for exams, completing assignments, or simply looking to deepen your knowledge, our carefully curated materials will equip you with the necessary tools for success. Dive in and explore the world of orthogonal complements with ease!