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Welcome to the eGyanKosh resource page dedicated to Unit 12, which explores the critical role of the United Nations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in shaping environmental movements. As we face increasing ecological challenges, understanding the contributions of these international and local entities is essential for fostering sustainable practices and advocating for our planet’s future. This study material, prepared for IGNOU students in 2025, offers valuable insights, comprehensive analyses, and essential resources that will enhance your knowledge and engagement with environmental issues. Dive into this collection to equip yourself with the information and tools necessary to participate meaningfully in the ongoing environmental discourse. Download the material for free and embark on your journey towards becoming an informed advocate for positive change.