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Welcome to eGyanKosh’s Unit-4 on Social and Ecological Issues, an essential resource tailored for IGNOU students in 2025. This study material delves into the intricate interplay between social dynamics and ecological challenges, providing a comprehensive understanding of the pressing issues facing our society today. As you progress through this unit, you will explore key concepts, critical debates, and real-world applications that will enhance your academic journey. Best of all, the study material is available for free download, ensuring that you have access to quality educational resources at your fingertips. Join us as we navigate these vital themes that shape our world and influence our future.